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| Molecular Structure of Bisphenol A en.wikipedia.org |
Chinn C, Edelstein BL, Fleisch AF, Landrigan PJ, Sheffield PE. Bisphenol A and Related
Compounds in Dental Materials. Pediatrics. 2010;126(4):760-768.
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/126/4/760.full.pdf+html. Accessed
Sept. 2, 2015.
In the research brief "Bisphenol A and Related Compounds in Dental Materials," published in the scholarly journal Pediatrics, Dr. Chinn, Dr. Edelstein, Dr. Fleisch, Dr. Landrigan, and Dr. Sheffield, all of whom are either medical doctors or dentists, assert that given the minuscule amount of BPA exposure and the more significant benefits of having dental sealants rather than forbearing them, one may continue wearing BPA-based sealants without great fear. The five authors support their claim by providing statistical and scientific evidence outlining the length of time BPA stays in human saliva, the possibilities of BPA substitutes transforming into BPA, and some preventative measures against BPA. Their purpose is to give some clarity about BPA, share some new research data from studying people affected by BPA, and propose a recommended course of action to ultimately subside any worries about the "dangers" of BPA exposure. The five authors implement a more formal, scientific tone, diction, and syntax to appeal to the scholars and researchers that are studying the topics of BPA or dental products. This article will be of great use as a document in support of BPA-based sealants.
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| en.wikipedia.org |
Hauser R, Marcus M, Olea N, Vandenberg LN, Welshons WV. Human exposure to
bisphenol A. Reproductive Toxicology. 2007;24(2):139-177. http://ac.els-
cdn.com/S0890623807002377/1-s2.0-S0890623807002377-main.pdf?_tid=813d52fa-
534b-11e5-a7bc-
00000aacb35e&acdnat=1441402126_73a2a18398c3a49db41060aa4e2deda9.
Accessed Sept. 2, 2015.
In the scholarly journal Reproductive Toxicology, Dr. Hauser, Dr. Marcus, Dr. Olea. Dr. Vandenberg, and Dr. Welshons, all of whom are medical doctors or doctors of environmental or public health, published an article entitled "Human exposure to bisphenol A," which claims that BPA is a great detriment to organic life, both human and animal. To construct their argument, the authors often list pages of data obtained from research comparing humans to animals like rats, mice, and monkeys and interpret their data in sections, drawing many similarities between man and animal. The authors' purpose is to validate the dangers of BPA exposure for organic life and to figure out the extent of the damage BPA could do depending on one's stage of life. The authors adopt a formal, scientific tone and rhetoric similar to other scholarly journals. This article can be a great source of information to provide extremely detailed notes on BPA's effects and to show that BPA does not solely concern mankind.
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| en.wikipedia.org |
Horowitz, J. Dueling Docs: Are Dental Sealants Safe for Kids? Huffington Post website.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/janice-horowitz/dueling-docs-are-dental-s_b_314729.html.
Published Nov. 17, 2011. Accessed Sept. 1, 2015.
Janet Horowitz, a writer for the online newspaper called Huffington Post, published an article named "Dueling Docs: Are Dental Sealants Safe for Kids?", in which she presents an argument between two dentists who have differing views concerning BPA-based sealants. Horowitz herself has no stance on the matter and only served to accommodate and present the argument: this is evident by the way she takes information from both supportive and non-supportive views on BPA sealants, sets up a contrast between the information, poses a question, and introduces the two debating doctors, including massive quotes from both of them to present both sides of the debate. Her purpose was to inform people about both sides of the BPA debate, allowing them to make their own choices concerning dental sealants. She uses more common vocabulary and a casual tone, appropriate for the general public. This article can be used to share some personal beliefs held by dentists, draw some insight from their defenses, and provide some minor evaluation of the benefits and detriments of BPA.
Landa, J. The Dangers of BPA. Huffington Post website. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jen-
landa-md/healthy-living-news_b_4919960.html. Published March 7, 2014. Accessed
Sept. 1, 2015.
Obstetrician/gynecologist, hormone specialist, and Chief Medical Officer of BodyLogicMD Dr. Jen Landa wrote an article on the Huffington Post entitled "The Dangers of BPA," in which she provides her opposing view against BPA using her experience and expertise in her field and some research from the FDA and also includes some preventative measures that a person can take to avoid BPA exposure. She summarizes the report given by the FDA, notes the peculiarity of the U.S.'s situation concerning BPA, gives some of her knowledge from her experience as a doctor, and provides a bulleted list of tips to minimize BPA exposure, all with a simple-to-understand, public-friendly rhetorical style. Her purpose was to warn others about the "dangers of BPA" and to inspire an action to eliminate BPA from daily living. This article can be used in support of the opposition against BPA, especially because of the fact that the information comes from a well-qualified doctor.
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| www.flickr.com |
Miller R, Whyatt R. Science AMA Series: We’re Rachel Miller and Robin Whyatt, professors
at Columbia University. We study how prenatal and early-life exposures to BPA and other
chemicals affect children’s health, including child asthma, lower IQ, and more. Ask Us
Anything!. The New Reddit Journal of Science. 2014. Available at:
https://www.reddit.com/r/science/comments/2j7mym/science_ama_series_were_rachel
_miller_and_robin/. Accessed Sept. 11, 2015.
@MNT_James. Prenatal BPA exposure could reduce children’s lung functioning
medicalnewstoday.com/articles/28351… #asthma #BPA.
https://twitter.com/MNT_James/status/519382893135532033. Posted Oct. 7, 2014.
Using information from the Journal of the American Medical Association, former clinical doctor and present Medical News Today writer James McIntosh implied in his article "Prenatal BPA exposure could reduce children's lung functioning," which can be found in Storify, that very young children could become asthmatic by being exposed to BPA. He cites information from the research data given by JAMA, providing many pieces of numerical data to show the various rates at which children have had asthma by BPA exposure and many links to other sources. The purpose of the article was to highlight some more problems that BPA can cause children and to encourage parents to keep their children away from BPA. Besides the sections of research data, McIntosh uses basic, everyday rhetoric for the sake of his everyday readers. This article can be used to further build up a case to eliminate BPA from dental sealants, especially those designed for young children.
Pesca, M. BPA! BPS! Are They BS?. The Gist. 2015. Available at:
http://www.slate.com/articles/podcasts/gist/2015/08/the_gist_bpa_and_bps_plastics
_with_maria_konnikova_and_canadian_elections.html. Accessed Sept. 11, 2015.
In slate.com, Mike Pesca, the podcaster for the website's podcast The Gist, held an interview with Maria Konnikova, a reporter for the New Yorker, in his podcast, in which Konnikova presented her belief that BPA and BPS are both dangerous to humans. Konnikova relayed stories that she wrote before, such as the zebrafish BPA experiment and the BPS tests, to not only prove that BPA was detrimental to public health, but also reveal that BPS could be even worse than BPA. Her purpose was to stimulate people into becoming aware of BPA-free products and being sensitive to what was given to children. The article can lead to an interesting topic concerning possible alternatives for BPA and their effects in comparison to BPA.
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| en.wikipedia.org |
Raloff, J. Putting BPA-based dental fillings in perspective. Science News website.
https://www.sciencenews.org/blog/science-public/putting-bpa-based-dental-fillings-
perspective. Published July 16, 2012. Accessed Sept. 1, 2015.
In the online magazine Science News, writer Janet Raloff published an article called "Putting BPA-based dental fillings in perspective," in which she suggested that bis-GMA and BPA, although relatively mellow in their side effects, have the potential to become devastating in a group setting, especially if the group involves children. She bases most of her writing on the research and observations of others, specifically Dr. Nancy Maserejian, Philip Landrigan, and Jeffrey Stansbury, building up the validity of the facts. The main purpose of the article is to inform readers about some new side effects of BPA and bis-GMA on children, making readers more cautious about the fillings. She maintains a casual tone and rhetoric for her article, often paraphrasing some of the cited research for easier comprehension. This article can be used to present some of the negatives of using BPA sealants and even state, in the context of the article, that many doctors are still unsure whether to ordain the use of BPA sealants or not.
Rastogi, N. Let the Baby Have His Bottle?: Evaluating the Dangers of Bisphenol A. Slate
website. http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/the_green_lantern/2009/07/
let_the_baby_have_his_bottle.html. Published July 21, 2009. Accessed Sept. 11, 2015.
In Slate magazine, writer Nina Rastogi conveyed and emphasized a common consensus that BPA's "low dose" experiment results were still inconclusive and that people only have to be careful about how much BPA they intake on a regular basis. The author provides many statistics from health organizations and research reports on BPA exposure, including hyperlinks to the sources in which she obtained the information. From reading the statistics, one may find that the purpose for the article is to show that the "dangers" of BPA are very minimal in small doses, meaning that people could live with BPA without fear. Rastogi keeps her rhetoric simple yet precise, and her argument is formatted conversationally without any extensive details. This article can be a great resource to prove that the reaction to BPA is simply an overreaction.
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| www.flickr.com |
@ScienceDaily2. BPA and BPS (substitute for BPA) affect embryonic brain development in
zebrafish: Low levels of… bit.ly/1ycGHUW (ScienceDaily).
https://twitter.com/ScienceDaily2/status/554752006007451648. Posted Jan. 12, 2015.
In "BPA and BPS (substitute for BPA) affect embryonic brain development in zebrafish: Low levels of chemicals linked to hyperactivity," a research brief cited by ScienceDaily and posted on Twitter, the University of Calgary suggested that BPA and BPS are practically the same in terms of side effects. Most of the information, which consisted of many statistics and data concerning the experiments with zebrafish and the substances, was paraphrased from UCalgary's report and quoted from Deborah Kurrasch, the head of the laboratory conducting the research; Hamid Habibi, a researcher; and Cassandra Kinch, another researcher. The purpose of the article was to inform the people that BPS, a substance found in BPA-free materials, has similar side effects to BPA, as shown by the data revealing that zebrafish became hyperactive from exposure to both BPA and BPS. The article contained normal rhetoric to draw in a general audience. This article can be used to make a solid claim that BPA substitutes can be just as harmful as BPA and thus need to also be taken into consideration when one uses such materials.
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